Replacement of imported long fiber kraft pulp with lignocellulosic nanofibers and cationic materials in the production of durable paper

Usage of cellulosic nanofibers, starch-nanocellulose, and polyacrylamide-nanocellulose hybrid systems were investigated for the replacement imported long bleached kraft fibers in production durable papers. In this study, softwood pulp was added to cotton at four levels. Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) prepared from chemimechanical a 5% level with optional 1% cationic starch or 0.1% polyacrylamide. Comparative tests done without NFC three levels either For each condition, 80 gm-2 handsheets made, physical, mechanical, optical properties paper compared. The results showed that increases yielded higher surface smoothness, tensile strength, resistance bursting, tearing energy, folding endurance, yellowness, opacity. It also reduced brightness porosity whether singly combination Increasing increased but opacity reduced. field emission-scanning electron microscopy porosity, became smoother, pores relatively filled. Finally, combined treatment is introduced as suitable combination.